ABSTRACT
Objective @#To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccine hesitancy among female university students based on the precaution adoption process model (PAPM), so as to provide the evidence for improving the coverage of HPV vaccine in this population. @*Methods @#HPV vaccine hesitant female students were selected using a cluster sampling method from Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, and randomly assigned to the PAPM group and control group. Students in the PAPM group received PAPM-based interventions for HPV vaccine hesitancy, while students in the control group were given routine interventions. The HPV-related knowledge, HPV vaccine-related knowledge and HPV vaccine hesitancy scores were collected from both groups prior to interventions ( T0 ), 0 ( T1 ), 1 ( T2 ) and 3 months post-interventions ( T3 ), and the effectiveness of interventions was evaluated using analysis of variance for repeated measures.@*Results @#There were 147 students in the PAPM group and 141 students in the control group. In the PAPM group, 36.73% of the students majored in medical sciences, and 48.23% were freshmen; in the control group, 39.72% majored in medical sciences, and 50.35% were freshmen. The mean scores of HPV- and HPV vaccine-related knowledge were significantly greater in the PAPM group than in the control group, respectively ( T1, 5.29 vs. 4.91; T2, 4.27 vs. 4.22; T3, 4.22 vs. 4.04; P<0.05 ); however, no significant differences were detected in the HPV vaccine hesitancy scores between the two groups, respectively ( T1, 2.98 vs. 2.95; T2, 3.07 vs. 3.07; T3, 3.08 vs. 2.97; P>0.05 ). The mean scores of the confidence dimension ( T1, 3.37 vs. 3.23; T2, 3.48 vs. 3.40; T3, 3.38 vs. 3.25 ) and the dimension of influence by others ( T1, 3.44 vs. 3.33; T2, 3.42 vs. 3.37; T3, 3.46 vs. 3.27 ) were significantly greater in the PAPM group than in the control group (P<0.05), while the mean scores of the complacency dimension were significantly lower in the PAPM group than in the control group ( T1, 1.98 vs. 2.03; T2, 2.06 vs. 2.20; T3, 2.18 vs. 2.15; P<0.05 ).@*Conclusions @#PAPM-based interventions for HPV vaccine hesitancy may effectively improve the awareness of HPV and HPV vaccines, reduce complacency, and enhance the influence by others among female university students.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of delayed voiding among middle school students, and to provide the basis for health education.@*Methods@#A total of 1 260 middle school students were selected from Sanmen country in Taizhou by using multi-stage stratified sampling method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the demographic characteristics, epidemiological characteristics and associated factors of delayed voiding by questionnaire.@*Results@#The proportion of frequent delayed voiding among middle school students was 14.37%(181). The proportion among senior high school students was 15.51%(90), and among junior high school students was 13.67%(91)，no significant differences were found by grade(χ2=0.57, P=0.45). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that residential school, homework per day >2 hours, games and reduce the frequency of drinking ≥7 times/week were risk factors for delayed voiding frequently in junior high school students(OR=3.71, 1.70, 3.02,6.52，P<0.05). Higher than 2 hours of daily homework, a supportive or indifferent attitude to delayed voiding, staying in bed after waking up, drinking <0.5 L/d or ≥2.0 L/d, and reduce the frequency of drinking ≥7 times/week were risk factors for delayed voiding behavior in high school students(OR=2.23, 1.81, 2.22, 3.48, 2.69, 3.00, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of frequent delayed voiding was high among middle school students. Attitude, environment and the quality of drinking water were the primary factors of frequent delayed voiding.